Dada
- European art movement in the early 20th century (early 1900's).
- Deemed as anti-art due to the retaliation towards traditional art.
- Developed in reaction to Word War I
- Rejected logic, reality, and aestheticism.
- Artists expressed irrationality, dreams, and thoughts.
- Artists also expressed their discontent with prejudice, politics, nationalism, and war.
- Common art forms included:
- Sound Poetry
- Collages or Photomontages
- Cut-up writing
- Sculptures
- FUN FACT!!
- The origin of the name "Dada" is unknown.
Dada Artists
- Hannah Höch
- Born as Anna Therese Johanne Höch.
- Born into an upper-middle-class family in southeast Germany.
- Usually expressed her art in the form of photomontage.
- Often addressed the issue of gender, politics, and the figure of woman.
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| "High Finance" by Hannah Hoch, 1923 |
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| "Dada Puppen (Dada Dolls)" by Hannah Hoch, 1916 |
- Toyen
- Born as Marie Cerminova, rejected her name and named herself Toyen.
- Took her name from the French word "citoyen," which means "citizen" in English.
- Rejected gender and dressed in working men's clothes.
- Endorsed the anarchist movement.
- Dada AND Surrealism artist.
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| "The Snap" by Toyen, 1967 |
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| "The Message of the Forest" by Toyen, 1936 |
Surrealism
- Founded by Andre' Breton, a poet from Paris, in 1924.
- An artistic and literary movement.
- Believed in the superior qualities of the irrational, unconscious mind.
- A lot of work was very dream-like.
- Goal was to liberate thought, language, and human experience from tradition.
Surrealism Artists
- Remedios Varo
- Given the basic education deemed proper for young ladies at a convent school.
- Critiqued religion and clung to liberal and universalist ideas.
- According to Varo, Surrealism was an "expressive resting place within the limits of Cubism, and as a way of communicating the incommunicable."
- Varo's work elevated women via her art by addressing problems in gender inequality (unintentionlly).
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| "Alchemy or the Useless Science" by Remedios Varo, 1958 |
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| "Exploring River of the Source Orinonoco" by Remedios Varo, 1955 |
- Gertrude Abercrombie
- American painter based in Chicago.
- Often referred to as "the queen of the bohemian artists.”
- Work was mysterious, as she paints images of moons, owls, cats and more with dark backgrounds.
- Painting style was influenced by her strong interests in jazz and sorcery.
- Artwork was not really recognized until she passed away.
- “I like to paint simple things that are a little strange. My work comes directly from my inner consciousness and it must come easily. It is a process of selection and reduction.” - Gertrude Abercrombie
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| "The Courtship" by Gertrude Abercrombie, 1949 |
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| "Three Cats" by Gertrude Abercrombie, 1956 |
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